Study on Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery of Low-Voltage Energy Feeding System Based on Supercapacitor

Addressing the issue of energy waste from regenerative braking in subways, this paper reviews the research progress made over the past decade in integrating supercapacitors with low-voltage energy feedback systems. The review indicates that supercapacitors are well-suited for braking energy recovery due to their high power density and long cycle life, but there is insufficient research on the coordinated control between supercapacitors and low-voltage energy feedback systems. Existing technologies face challenges such as energy supply-demand imbalance, harmonic pollution, and difficulty in parameter matching, and the integrated topology and control strategies have not yet been standardised. Research indicates that supercapacitors offer a feasible path to improve efficiency. Future efforts should focus on topology optimisation, intelligent control, experimental validation, and economic optimisation to drive the practical application of this technology.