Synthesis, Characterization, and Agricultural Bioactivity Evaluation of 1-(Naphthalen-1-yloxy)propan-2-ol Derivatives against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>

Most problems caused by the use of common pesticides can be avoided or reduced by the use of well-established, safe, unique, and selective organic compounds. For example, juvenile hormone analogues exhibit promise as insect growth regulators (IGRs) due to their effective mechanism of action against pests and lower toxicity to children compared to conventional pesticides. Thus, as analogues of insect growth regulators, a special class of pure 1-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-2-propanol derivatives has been created. Through elemental and modern spectroscopy investigations (infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Dept. 135 spectra), the structure of these produced materials was determined, and they were linked to the most well-known pest growth regulator pesticides. In a lab setting, the efficacy of a newly developed chemical compound against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> was evaluated and contrasted with that of the reference insecticide, pyriproxyfen. With LC₅₀ values of 0.228 mg/L for third-instar nymphs and 0.553 mg/L for adult <i>B. tabaci</i>, compound <b>4</b> performed better than the other produced compounds. Additionally, the results indicated that the third-instar nymphs were more sensitive to the treatments being studied than the adult female <i>B. tabaci</i> stage. Furthermore, the impact of the drugs under investigation on biochemical indicators such as total protein levels of ATPase, GST, AChE, and CaE detoxifying enzymes was investigated. The findings showed that certain target tested chemicals' sublethal concentration changes may have an impact on insect biological parameters, disrupting development, fertility, longevity, and other aspects. Stated differently, the biological fitness of <i>B. tabaci</i> may be impacted by the use of specific target chemicals, such as <b>4</b> and <b>7</b>, at varying low concentrations.