Double-Layer Gbr Membrane With Space-Maintaining And Piezoelectric Properties.

To develop a multifunctional GBR membrane combining piezoelectric WH-PLGA and photocurable CSM-PEGDA hydrogel for enhanced alveolar bone regeneration, addressing the limitations of current barrier membranes in simultaneous hard/soft tissue repair. The bilayer membrane was fabricated by electrospinning piezoelectric WH-PLGA (main layer) and UV-curing CSM-PEGDA hydrogel (barrier layer). Gradient porosity and piezoelectric components were incorporated to promote cell infiltration and osteogenic stimulation. The membrane was characterized for mechanical properties, degradation kinetics, and biocompatibility in vitro, followed by evaluation in cell cultures and rat calvarial defect models. The membrane demonstrated optimal mechanical strength (>15 MPa), controlled degradation (8-12 weeks), and excellent biocompatibility (>90% viability). In vivo results showed 2.1-fold greater bone volume (µCT) with ∼40% increased osteogenic markers (ALP/Runx2), while effectively preventing soft tissue invasion. These findings validate its dual-functionality and clinical potential as a next-generation GBR solution for alveolar bone defects.