A Drill Position Feedback System For Dental Implantation Surgery

This research presents an electronic prototype based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique to address the challenges of low accuracy, complex operation, and high risk in bone drilling during dental implant surgery, assisting an operational feedback system in determining drilling depth and position parameters. The system employs the impedance measurement chip AD9954 for highly-precise generation of alternating current signals, with signal amplification and filtering handled by the Analog Front End (AFE). Real-time monitoring and adjustment of the drilling bit's position and status are enabled by the Microcontroller Unit (MCU, STM32F407) control module. During the experimental verification of the prototype, we chose swine femurs as materials which resembles human’s. Based on the principles of electromagnetism, a TH2826A LCR signal analyzer was used to measure the electrical impedance spectrum changes of the end of swine femoral bone samples at different positions, depths and frequencies. Data analysis revealed that the system can significantly distinguish the electrical property changes near the cancellous bone/cortical bone interface (with a statistical significance of P<0.01). The prototype enables real-time monitoring of changes in bioimpedance, thereby providing immediate feedback during the surgery . Therefore, the innovative detection system hereby presented is expected to assist surgeons in real-time monitoring of the drill tip’s position and depth, enhancing the precision and safety of the surgery.