Innovative Biomimetic Enamel-Dentin Bilayer Fabrication Via Calciphos Mineralizing Gel

Aim or purpose: The main purpose of this research is to explore the mineralization effect and mechanism of the novel Calciphos Mineralizing Gel (CMG) on type I collagen and dentin, and whether enamel-like substance can be epitaxial grown on the surface of remineralized dentin in the three-dimensional template of the CMG. Materials and methods: A novel mineralizing gel—Calciphos Mineralizing Gel (CMG)—formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose calcium (HPMC-Ca) and carboxymethyl cellulose phosphate (CMC-P), was applied to Type I collagen fibers and both in vitro and in vivo dentin samples (n=16). Mineralization effects were characterized using Cryo-electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), molecular simulations, and nanoindentation testing. Results: For collagen mineralization, CMG induced observable intrafibrillar mineralization after 2 hours, with 4-6μm thick demineralized dentin remineralized within 4 days and a 2μm thick enamel-like layer formed by the 7th day. the CMG also can induce remineralization of demineralized dentin in vivo experiments. Conclusions: The novel Calciphos Mineralizing Gel (CMG) exhibits excellent biocompatibility and mineralization potential. The CMG could induce the mineralization of Type I collagen and dentin both in vitro and in vivo. Within the three-dimensional gel system, it achieves enamel-like and dentin-like bilayer biomimetic mineralization. This novel calcium and phosphorus dual-gel system possesses significant clinical application value.