Loading Rhbmp-2 Through Anti-Wear Structures To Facilitate Osteointegration

To investigate the effects of titanium surface-limited action field-prepared micro/nano hierarchical structures on drug release and cellular osteogenesis, both before and after abrasion. This study aims to provide a foundation for the anti-abrasion modification of titanium surface constituents as well as the sustained release of drug-carrying materials. The surface of pure titanium was treated using femtosecond laser etching and anodic oxidation to form ordered micro/nano structures. The drug-carrying potential of the micro-nanostructure was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) was loaded onto the surface via freeze-drying. Surface friction resistance was evaluated through linear reciprocating experiments. Immunofluorescence staining and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to assess the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on the treated surfaces. The anti-wear micro/nano structure was successfully fabricated on the titanium plate and loaded with rhBMP-2. This micro-nano hierarchical structure exhibited remarkable wear resistance, allowing for the effective retention of rhBMP-2 after wear testing and enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Furthermore, this micro/nano hierarchical structure ensured the sustained release of rhBMP-2 both before and after wear. The micro/nano hierarchical structures on the titanium surface exhibit exceptional wear resistance and enhance the adhesion and proliferation of hBMSCs. These structures offer space for drug loading and sustained release. This approach represents a novel and systematic surface treatment method for titanium-based implants.