Effect Of P. Gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles In Preventing Periodontitis

To evaluate the immunogenicity of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of P. gingivalis and their potential to prevent experimental periodontitis in mouse. P. gingivalis OMVs were obtained through ultracentrifugation. The in vitro effects of OMVs on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and lysosomal escape were evaluated. In addition, the ability of OMVs to promote antigen presentation, T-cell proliferation and activation, and to stimulate specific antimicrobial immunity was assessed in vivo. The underlying mechanism of OMVs in promoting DC maturation and antigen presentation was explored through transcriptome analysis. Finally, the preventive effect of OMVs on alveolar bone resorption and soft tissue inflammation was evaluated in a mouse periodontitis model. The P. gingivalis OMVs were nanovesicles with a particle size of approximately 100 nm. In vitro, OMVs significantly increased the expression of DC surface markers and promote lysosomal escape. In vivo, OMVs enhanced antigen presentation, T-cell proliferation, and Th2 differentiation. Additionally, the OMVs significantly increased the levels of specific anti-OMVs and anti-P. gingivalis antibodies in both serum and saliva of mouse. Transcriptome analysis revealed that enhanced antibacterial immunity may be associated with activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In the mouse periodontitis model, OMVs prevented alveolar bone resorption and soft tissue inflammation. The P. gingivalis OMVs can activate both innate and specific antibacterial immunity, making them a promising candidate for a periodontitis vaccine.