Effects Of Rosiglitazone On Macrophage Polarization In Rats Periodontal Tissues

To investigate the impact of different rosiglitazone doses on macrophage polarization states in periodontal tissues and the alveolar bone destruction during periodontitis progression in rats. Forty 6-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (C), periodontitis group (P), low-dose rosiglitazone group (L), and high-dose rosiglitazone group (H). Experimental periodontitis was established through orthodontic wire ligation around the first molars. Three groups received daily oral gavage for 3 weeks with either: (P) sterile saline (0.9% Nacl,1mg/Kg), (L) 5 mg/kg rosiglitazone and (H) 10 mg/kg rosiglitazone. Mandibles were harvested for Micro-CT scanning. The periodontal tissues were assessed for macrophages immunofluorescence staining, IL-1β and IL-10 immunohistochemical staining and TRAP staining for osteoclasts. All procedures was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS26. MicroCT (BV/TV): C > L > H > P; M1 macrophages: P > L > H > C; M2 macrophages: L > H > P > C; M1/M2 ratio: P > C > L and H; IL-1β expression: P > H, L and C; IL-10 expression: L > H and P > C; TRAP+ osteoclasts: P > H > L > C; ‘and’ means no statistically significant differences, other data p<0.05. Rosiglitazone promoted M2 macrophage polarization and increased IL-10 expression while reducing M1 macrophage infiltration as well as M1/M2 ratio, and IL-1β levels in periodontal tissues. Notably, the low-dose group showed better outcomes in mitigating periodontal bone loss compared to the high-dose treatment.