Effect Of Soyasaponinbb On Cariogenic Biofilm And Its Anticaries Potential

To investigate the effects the natural plant-derived compound SoyasaponinBb (SsBb) on dual-species cariogenic biofilm and its anti-caries potential in vitro. Dual-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc) were established in vitro. Crystal violet staining was used to assess the inhibition of SsBb on Sm-Lc biofilm formation after 24 hours of co-culture, and the removal effect on pre-established biofilm. An in vitro bovine enamel demineralization model was constructed using Sm-Lc biofilm to determine the effects of SsBb on enamel demineralization through micro-CT analysis. The cytotoxicity of SsBb was evaluated via the CCK-8 assay on human oral epithelial cells (HOEC). SsBb exhibited significantly concentration-dependent inhibition and eradication on Sm-Lc dual-species biofilm. Biomass was significantly reduced compared to PBS controls at SsBb concentrations of 250, 200, 150, 100, and 75mg/L (p<0.0001). The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) and MBIC50 of SsBb were 100mg/L and 75mg/L, respectively, while the minimum biofilm reduction concentration (MBRC) was 200mg/L. SsBb at 100mg/L significantly decreased enamel demineralization depth and mineral loss, whether it was co-cultured with Sm-Lc or applied to pre-formed biofilm (p<0.0001). Additionally, SsBb at 100 mg/L showed no significant cytotoxicity to HOEC after treatment for 7 days. SsBb at 100mg/L effectively inhibits Sm-Lc biofilm formation and reduces their mature biofilm, and mitigates bovine enamel demineralization with no obvious cell cytotoxicity, suggesting its anti-caries potential.