Sleep Deficiency Exacerbates Periodontal Inflammation Via Trigeminal Trpv1 Neurons

Aim or purpose: Periodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, profoundly impacts both quality of life and overall health. Clinical studies have suggested a correlation between periodontitis and sleep deficiency, but the underlying mechanisms involved remain elusive. Materials and methods: Our study seamlessly integrates clinical data with robust in vivo models, encompassing targeted neuronal ablation, pharmacological interventions, single-cell RNA sequencing and in vitro cells co-cluture. Results: Retrograde tracing from the periodontium revealed a neural connection from trigeminal TRPV1 neurons, which may mediate the aggravating effects of sleep deficiency on periodontitis. The ablation of TRPV1 neurons effectively mitigated the aggravating effects of sleep deficiency on periodontitis. Sleep restriction increased the secretion of substance P from trigeminal neurons in the periodontium, enhancing vasodilation and vascular permeability, which in turn promoted the infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells. Blocking substance P signaling via a Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist or knockdown Tacr1 in vascular endothelial cell alleviated these detrimental effects. Conclusions: Our findings unveil a critical neuron-vessel-immune axis that exacerbates periodontitis during sleep deficiency and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting this axis for managing periodontitis in individuals suffering from sleep deficiency.