Cxcl12-Cxcr4 Axis Regulates Macrophage Polarization In Peri-Implantitis.

To investigate the regulatory effects of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis on macrophage polarization and its anti-inflammatory role in peri-implantitis in rats. A rat peri-implantitis model was constructed, and the intervention group was injected with AMD3100. HE staining, Micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR were used to detect inflammatory cell infiltration, bone loss, protein expression, and cytokine levels, respectively. The safety of AMD3100 was also assessed. AMD3100 intervention reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and bone loss, and decreased the expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, CD68, CD86, pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ), and osteoclast-related factors (RANKL). However, these levels did not reach those of healthy implants. No abnormalities were observed in the body weight, blood, or organ tissues of the rats in each group. AMD3100 effectively blocked the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, altered the M1/M2 ratio of macrophages, and reduced the inflammatory response.