Accuracy Comparison Of Dynamic Navigation, Haptic And Optical Robotic Systems

To compare the accuracy of axial implant placement by using a dynamic navigation, haptic robot and optical robotic system. Sixty edentulous three-dimensional (3D) printed models, including 30 mandibular and 30 maxillary models, were divided into three groups: dynamic navigation group (DNG), haptic robotic system (HRS) and optical robotic system (ORS). In these models, the axial implants were placed in the incisor region. The platform, apex, angular and apex depth deviations of the implants were measured. The deviations were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. A total of 120 implants were placed in 60 models. The platform global deviations of DNG, HRS and ORS were 0.986 ± 0.411 mm, 0.698 ± 0.288 mm and 0.678± 0.326 mm (P<0.001), respectively. The apex global deviations of the three groups were 0.980 ± 0.431 mm, 0.721 ± 0.271 mm and 0.668± 0.361 mm (P<0.001), respectively. The angular deviations of the five groups were 1.287 ± 0.626°, 0.852± 0.426° and 0.809 ± 0.386° (P=0.001), respectively. The apex depth deviation of three groups were 0.619± 0.471mm, 0.446 ± 0.291mm and 0.523±0.404mm (P=0.397). The haptic and optical robotic system were found to be more accurate than dynamic navigation, while there is no significant difference between the haptic robot and optical robotic systems.