Application Of Piezoelectric-Nanozyme Synergistic Micromotors In Periodontitis Treatment

This study develops an ultrasound-driven piezoelectric-nanozyme micromotor (BaTiO₃@CeO₂-Pt) to dynamically regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation/clearance, addressing bacterial infection, inflammation, and bone regeneration in periodontitis. Hydrothermal-synthesized 200 nm BaTiO₃ nanoparticles were coated with CeO₂ nanozymes and asymmetrically modified with Pt via magnetron sputtering. Morphology (SEM/TEM), piezoelectricity (PFM), ROS generation (ESR/fluorescent probes under 1 MHz ultrasound), and antibacterial activity (Porphyromonas gingivalis/Fusobacterium nucleatum) were evaluated. Osteogenic effects (Runx2/OCN expression, ALP activity) and ROS scavenging (H₂O₂ catalysis) were tested in vitro and in diabetic rat periodontitis models. BaTiO₃@CeO₂-Pt exhibited a core-shell Janus structure (piezoelectric coefficient: 400 pm/V), generating 20 μA/cm² currents and ROS (•OH/O₂⁻⁻) under ultrasound, achieving 99.2% bacterial eradication. Piezoelectric stimulation enhanced osteoblast mineralization (3.8-fold ALP activity), while CeO₂-Pt nanozymes scavenged 85% ROS in inflammatory conditions. In vivo, treated rats showed 62% higher alveolar bone density, 75% lower TNF-α/IL-6, and 68% reduced MDA versus controls. The micromotor enables spatiotemporally controlled ROS modulation via ultrasound-activated antibacterial action, electrical osteogenesis, and nanozyme-mediated antioxidant effects, offering a synergistic strategy for periodontitis therapy and oral regeneration.