Surface Micro-Topography Regulating Bmscs Cytoskeleton And Osteogenic Differentiation

To investigate the regulatory effects of femtosecond-laser-ablated titanium microgrooves (10–30μm width, ≥2μm depth) on cytoskeleton and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Titanium disks (Ø10×2mm) were categorized into four groups: polished control (G-0) and femtosecond-laser-ablated surfaces with gradient widths (G-10: ∼10μm, G-20: ∼20μm, G-30: ∼30 μm; depths ≥2μm). Surface characterization included SEM, EDS, CLSM, wettability, and microhardness analyses. BMSCs were cultured on specimens to assess adhesion (SEM), proliferation (CCK-8), cytoskeleton (F-actin/vinculin immunofluorescence), and osteogenic differentiation (ALP/ARS quantification). Statistical analysis employed GraphPad Prism 6.0. (1) Microgroove patterning significantly enhanced surface roughness (P<0.0001) and hydrophilicity, while preserving bulk chemical composition and hardness (P>0.05). (2) Cytoskeletal elongation exhibited width-dependent orientation, with narrow grooves (G-10) inducing near-parallel alignment (θ<10°). Adhesion density and proliferation remained no apparent difference across four groups (P>0.05). (3) Osteogenic differentiation displayed a response: ALP activity maximized at 20μm groove width (37% increase vs G-0), while calcium deposition peaked in G-10/G-20 specimens. Femtosecond-laser-ablated enables precise fabrication of biomimetic microtopographies on titanium implants. The 10–20μm groove dimension range (≥2 μm depth) optimally synergizes surface energy modulation and mechanotransduction cues, inducing cytoskeletal strain patterns that promote BMSCs commitment toward osteogenic lineages. These findings establish microgroove geometry as a critical parameter for designing functionalized orthopaedic interfaces.