PCL-PEG / Amniotic Membrane Homogenate Supernatant Repairs Periodontal Tissue Defects

This study aimed to explore the capacity of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) electrospun nanofibers combined with amniotic membrane homogenate supernatant to enhance periodontal tissue repair both in vitro and in vivo. PCL-PEG scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning. Their physical and chemical properties were examined using scanning electron microscopy, mechanical testing, and hydrophilicity tests. In vitro biocompatibility tests were carried out. RT-PCR and WB were used to evaluate the effect of scaffold combined with amniotic homogenate supernatant on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells ( hPDLSCs ). A rat alveolar bone defect model was established to observe bone regeneration when the scaffold was combined with amniotic membrane homogenate supernatant. The PCL-PEG scaffold featured a “fishing net” 3D ultrastructure, with good hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility, facilitating hPDLSCs adhesion and proliferation and combining the scaffold with amniotic membrane homogenate supernatant significantly upregulated ALP, COL1, and RUNX2 expression in hPDLSCs. In vivo, it promoted new bone formation in rat alveolar bone defects. PCL-PEG scaffolds exhibit good mechanical and biocompatible properties, promoting hPDLSCs' adhesion and proliferation. The combination of PCL-PEG scaffolds and amniotic membrane homogenate supernatant enhances hPDLSCs' osteogenic differentiation and alveolar bone defect repair, offering new theoretical support for periodontal tissue regeneration.