Antibacterial Silver Nanocomposite For Pit And Fissure Sealants

This study aims to synthesize a novel silver-based nanocomposite, Eggshell/Ag, to enhance the antibacterial properties of pit and fissure sealants while systematically evaluating its mechanical properties and in vitro/in vivo biosafety. Eggshell/Ag was optimized under different reaction conditions. Its antibacterial efficacy was assessed using inhibition zone assays, minimum inhibitory concentration determination, fluorescence staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The composite was incorporated into pit and fissure sealants to evaluate its impact on mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity. An oral mucosal contact model in female golden hamsters was established according to ISO 10993 to assess local and systemic effects. Eggshell/Ag exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The modified pit and fissure sealants showed comparable mechanical properties but significantly enhanced biofilm inhibition against cariogenic bacteria, with low cytotoxicity in gradient-diluted extracts. In vivo evaluation revealed no significant abnormalities in oral mucosa, blood parameters, or liver and kidney histology, and no detectable silver ions in blood. Eggshell/Ag demonstrates potent antibacterial effects and favorable in vitro and in vivo biosafety, highlighting its promising potential for clinical applications.