Accuracy Of Robotic Surgery Vs. Dynamic Navigation In Implant Placement

This study aimed to compare the accuracy and clinical outcomes of autonomous robot with dynamic navigation in implant placement under standardized conditions with the same optical tracking system. A prospective double-arm randomized controlled trial included 40 patients with single tooth missing, allocated to either the autonomous robot group (AR group, n=20) or the dynamic navigation group (DN group, n=20) for implant placement. The surgical systems of two groups utilized the same optical tracking system. Primary parameters for accuracy analysis were angular, coronal, and apical deviations, assessed via postoperative CBCT. Secondary outcomes included surgical time, patient-reported pain, edema, complications and early implant success rate. The AR group demonstrated significantly lower angular deviation of implants (0.77° ± 0.14°) compared to the DN group (1.78° ± 0.54°, p = 0.014). Coronal (0.70 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.77 ± 0.14 mm) and apical implant deviations (0.76 ± 0.17 mm vs. 0.80 ± 0.19 mm) were reduced in the AR group but with no statistic significance. Surgical time was longer for robotic procedures (21.5 ± 4.6 min vs. 14.3 ± 1.7 min, p < 0.01). Postoperative pain, edema, complications and early implant success rate were comparable between two groups. After healing for 3 months, implants were 100% of early success rate. Within the limitation of the present study, autonomous robot was revealed to be superior in angular accuracy of implant placement to dynamic navigation, but with no significant difference related to linear deviations.