A Retrospective Analysis Of Jaw Aneurysmal Bone Cysts

To analyze the clinical, radiographic, and pathological characteristics of jaw aneurysmal bone cysts (JABCs), so as to enhance understanding for their diagnosis and clinical management. This study retrospectively reviewed 19 cases of JABC diagnosed over a five-year period (2018–2022). This study included 19 JABC patients (5 males, 14 females, aged 7-53 years, mean 23.7), with 94.7% of lesions localized in the mandible and painless swelling as the predominant clinical presentation. Imaging revealed bone expansion with unilocular/multilocular features and intracystic septa on CT, alongside characteristic ‘fluid-fluid’ levels on MRI; histologically, lesions exhibited unilocular/multilocular configurations with cystic-solid components in 10.5% of cases, while USP6 gene disruption was detected in 44.4% (4/9) of tested cases. All patients underwent surgical interventions ranging from curettage to extensive resection, with follow-up data available for 16 cases demonstrating favorable prognoses except for one recurrence at 9 months postoperatively. JABC commonly occurs in the mandible and exhibits a female predominance. Painless swelling is the most common clinical manifestation. Radiographic findings were mostly unilocular or multilocular lesions with clear boundaries, and the characteristic multiple ‘fluid-fluid’ level could be used as an important basis for diagnosis. Current management prioritizes surgical intervention: smaller lesions can achieve good therapeutic effects through curettage, while larger ones often necessitate radical excision with concurrent autologous bone graft reconstruction. Prognosis is favourable in most cases.