Exploring Microbiota In Peri-Implantitis Via 16S Rdna Sequencing

This study used 16S rDNA sequencing to explore microbiota diversity, composition, community differences, and functional features in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontitis (P), peri-implantitis (PI), and healthy (H) volunteers. It aimed to profile GCF microbiomes in these groups and identify PI-specific biomarkers. GCF samples from participants were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. QIIME, LEfSE, PICRUSt2, STAMP and Spearman were used to analyze microbiota characteristics in GCF of 9 volunteers with P, PI, or H. Bacterial species richness trended higher in GCF of Groups P and PI than in Group H. PCoA showed microbiota similarity between PI and P. PI had a unique structure with phylum-level Firmicutes and genus-level Neisseria, Veillonella, Haemophilus enrichment. LEfSe showed significantly higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Prevotella, Prevotella_7, Actinobacillus, and Lachnoanaerobaculum in PI than in P and H. PICRUSt2 predicted PI microbiota were significant linked to functions like Zn-related enzymes. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between periodontitis-associated pathogenic genera such as Fusobacterium and PI-enriched genera like Prevotella. GCF samples from PI exhibited unique characteristics of the microbial community. Firmicutes, Neisseria, Veillonella, and Haemophilus were dominant in terms of abundance. Prevotella, Prevotella_7, Actinobacillus, and Lachnoanaerobaculum were identified as potential PI diagnostic markers. At the level of bacterial functional mechanisms, the microbiota associated with PI had specific functions in zinc metabolism and proteolysis. Additionally, Spearman analysis linked periodontitis history to higher PI risk. These findings offer insights for developing new peri-implantitis diagnosis and treatment strategies.