3D Analysis Of Mandibular Growth Using Ai: Tb Vs. Fr2

This study compared mandibular and condylar growth changes in Class II patients treated with Twin Block (TB) and Functional Regulator II (FR2) using 3D analysis and artificial intelligence tools. Twenty patients (ages 9–12) with skeletal Class II malocclusion and overjet (5–9 mm) were divided into TB and FR2 groups. CBCT scans were taken at T0 (pre-treatment) and T1 (7–11 months post-treatment). The 3D UX-Net algorithm extracted models and volumes. Visual Basic software calculated 3D distances and angles, while Viewbox software performed superimpositions with color-coded map visualizations. Post-TB treatment, mandibular, right condylar, and left condylar volume increases averaged 2666.00 ± 1469.16 mm³, 207.70 ± 125.28 mm³, and 216.90 ± 121.65 mm³, respectively. Post-FR2, they were 3316.10 ± 1552.29 mm³, 208.90 ± 116.85 mm³, and 193.65 ± 114.25 mm³, respectively. Mean absolute distances (MAD) for the mandible, right, and left condyles were 1.238 ± 0.757 mm, 2.248 ± 0.346 mm, and 2.267 ± 0.593 mm (TB), and 1.417 ± 0.550 mm, 2.616 ± 1.063 mm, and 2.475 ± 0.916 mm (FR2). Color-coded maps indicated posterior-superior condylar relocation within 3 mm post-treatment. Both appliances enhanced mandibular and condylar growth in terms of volumetric, linear, and 3D superimposition changes. Most cases exhibited posterior-superior condylar relocation, with the ramus moving backward in over half of the cases.