The Impact Of GIS Varnish On Early Enamel Caries

To investigate the preventive glass ionomer sealant varnish on early enamel caries in primary teeth and to provide experimental evidence for clinical interventions against early caries in primary dentition. Extracted intact primary molars were collected and prepared into specimens, which were randomly divided into three groups: GIS varnish group (XT group), fluoride varnish group (F group), and blank control group (C group). An in vitro pH-cycling model was employed to simulate demineralization and remineralization conditions. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted using a microhardness tester, PLM, and SEM to evaluate the anti-caries efficacy of the three groups. 1. The microhardness loss rates exhibited statistically significant differences among the three groups (p < 0.05), ranked in descending order as follows: Group C > Group F > Group XT. 2. The median demineralization depth in the XT group was 21.18 (15.35, 50.80) μm, compared to 238.03 (179.38, 461.71) μm in the F group and 305.93 (168.61, 785.58) μm in the C group. Significant differences were noted between the XT group and both the F and C groups (p < 0.05), while no statistical difference existed between the F and C groups (p > 0.05). 3. SEM observations revealed pronounced honeycomb structures and demineralized voids on the enamel surfaces in the C and F groups. In contrast, the XT group exhibited relatively smooth surfaces with minimal pitting. GIS varnish effectively prevents enamel demineralization in primary teeth and outperforms conventional fluoride varnish.