Oriented Nanofibers With Nano-Topography Modulate Alveolar Bone Metabolism

Tooth extraction will lead to the absorption of the bone wall around the alveolar fossa, and the change of the defect volume will affect the function and effect of later restoration. To investigate the effect of electrospun fibers with nanosheets arranged on the surface of the alveolar bone on the differentiation of osteoclasts, and to provide a new idea for the repair of alveolar bone defects. Aligned electrospun fibers with controlled squamous nanotopographies were fabricated via oriented electrospinning coupled with epitaxial crystallization. Osteoclast differentiation markers were quantitatively assessed using qPCR and immunofluorescence following fiber exposure. In vivo implantation into alveolar bone defects demonstrated immunoregulatory bone regeneration, validated through micro-CT volumetric analysis and histomorphometric evaluation. Surface nanotopography suppresses osteoclastogenesis by modulating macrophage cytoskeletal reorganization, downregulating key markers (CTSK, TRAP) and inhibiting NF-κB activation. In vivo studies confirmed the biomimetic scaffold’s squamous nanostructure attenuates osteoclast activity while enhancing functional bone regeneration. The inhibitory effect of surface nanotopography on the osteoclast differentiation of macrophages can block inflammation-driven bone resorption and stimulate the potential of bone regeneration based on the strategy of mechanical transduction-biological response-function remodeling