Stabilized Black Phosphorus Nanosheets With Multi-Functions For Periodontitis Treatment

Developing a stable black phosphorus-based nanomedicine with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties for periodontitis treatment. Zn ions were modified on the surface of black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) and the effect of the modification on the physio-chemical properties of the particles was comprehensively evaluated. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) and THP-1 derived macrophages were used to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties of the nanomedicine. A rat periodontitis model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the nanomedicine on periodontitis. Zn ions modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS@Zn) was successfully developed and demonstrated desirable stability in air and water than bare BPNS. In vitro, BPNS@Zn demonstrated its high antibacterial efficacy against P.gingivalis, presented significant osteogenic capabilities, and exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by facilitating the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. In vivo, BPNS@Zn attenuated inflammatory tissue damage and promoting alveolar bone regeneration in the periodontitis rat model. Zn ions modification is an effective method to enhance the stability of BPNS. BPNS@Zn exhibited desirable antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties, which provides a new option to promote periodontitis treatment.