Sal B Hydrogel Reduces Periodontitis Via Os And Mitochondrial Protection

This study aimed to: Investigate the therapeutic effects of Sal B on OS and mitochondrial function (MF) in periodontitis; Explore its underlying mechanisms; and Develop an injectable, thermosensitive hydrogel (Sal B@MAGC/β-GP Gel) for localized Sal B delivery to periodontal pockets. In vitro studies: Evaluated Sal B’s effects on inflammatory markers, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP production in periodontal cells. Hydrogel fabrication: Synthesized a methacryloylated glycol chitosan/β-glycerophosphate composite hydrogel (MAGC/β-GP Gel) loaded with Sal B. Assessed its stability, thermal sensitivity, and drug release profile. In vivo experiments: Induced periodontitis in mice and treated with Sal B@MAGC/β-GP Gel. Measured alveolar bone loss (micro-CT), ROS levels, MMP, ATP, and inflammatory markers. In vitro: Sal B reduced ROS, suppressed inflammation, enhanced MMP, and boosted ATP production in periodontal cells. Hydrogel characterization: Sal B@MAGC/β-GP Gel showed thermosensitive sol-gel transition and sustained Sal B release. In vivo: The gel significantly attenuated alveolar bone resorption, decreased ROS, restored MMP/ATP levels, and reduced inflammation in periodontitis mice. Sal B alleviates periodontitis by mitigating OS, improving MF, and suppressing inflammation. The injectable Sal B@MAGC/β-GP Gel enables localized, sustained drug delivery and demonstrates significant therapeutic efficacy. This study highlights Sal B’s potential as a targeted antioxidant therapy and the hydrogel’s clinical promise for periodontal pocket treatment.