Nir-Responsive Biosystem For Periodontal Sequential Antibacterial And Immunomodulatory Treatment

In periodontitis, the recurrent bacteria plaque adheres, and intracellular bacteria survival leads to inflammatory immune disorder in periodontal tissue and makes clinical therapeutic outcomes unpredictable. Thoroughly clearing of plaque biofilm and intracellular infectious agents and then regulating the immune environment is a sequential therapy that can match the characteristics of periodontitis. NIR laser activates IR808 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to clear plaque, while ROS open the erythrocyte (ER) membrane to release the encapsulated Hemin, limiting the proliferation of intracellular bacteria through nutritional immunity strategies, and then metabolically reprogramming macrophages to remodeling the periodontal immune microenvironment. Hemin@ER-IR808 effectively removed the periodontal bacteria and plaque, activated the ferroptosis-like stress of intracellular bacteria, and protected the macrophage from ferroptosis by metabolic reprogramming the M1-type macrophage, which limited the number of intracellular bacteria more than the M2-type. Hemin@ER-IR808 reduced the number of periodontal flora in rats. In the later stage, and then exerted antioxidant effect and promoted the repair of periodontal tissue In the complex periodontal infectious and inflammatory organizational environment, Hemin@ER-IR808 can emerge as a viable strategy to protect periodontal tissue from reinfection and exert immunomodulatory function to achieve sequential periodontal tissue regeneration