Post-Newtonian expansion of fluxes from a scalar charge on an inclined-spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole

Efforts are underway to accurately model extreme-mass-ratio inspirals for binaries with a spinning (Kerr) primary. At lowest order the adiabatic evolution depends on the radiation fluxes. Fluxes and other self-force quantities can be expanded analytically in post-Newtonian (PN) series allowing the early evolutionary phase to be understood. When it comes to more complicated background geodesic orbits, it proves useful to use the scalar field model problem to guide development and testing of techniques. In this paper, we present analytical expressions for the scalar fluxes from a scalar point charge in inclined-spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole up to 12PN relative order, with expressions that are exact in terms of the inclination parameter <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:mi>x</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:math> and black hole spin <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mi>a</c:mi> </c:math> . The expressions are constructed using the Mano, Suzuki, and Takasugi method of solving the scalar wave equation in a Kerr background. We compare the numerical evaluation of these flux expressions to full numerical ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mi>s</e:mi> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mn>0</e:mn> </e:math> ) eukolsky code results, examining their degree of utility as the strong-field region is approached.

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Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-10-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/n4dl-zm7p
Primary Topic
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
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article
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article

Post-Newtonian expansion of fluxes from a scalar charge on an inclined-spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole

Jakob Neef, Charles R. Evans, Adrian C. Ottewill, Barry Wardell et al.
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
article

Post-Newtonian expansion of fluxes from a scalar charge on an inclined-spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole

Jakob Neef, Charles R. Evans, Adrian C. Ottewill, Barry Wardell, Jezreel C. Castillo, Chris Kavanagh
article en

Abstract

Efforts are underway to accurately model extreme-mass-ratio inspirals for binaries with a spinning (Kerr) primary. At lowest order the adiabatic evolution depends on the radiation fluxes. Fluxes and other self-force quantities can be expanded analytically in post-Newtonian (PN) series allowing the early evolutionary phase to be understood. When it comes to more complicated background geodesic orbits, it proves useful to use the scalar field model problem to guide development and testing of techniques. In this paper, we present analytical expressions for the scalar fluxes from a scalar point charge in inclined-spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole up to 12PN relative order, with expressions that are exact in terms of the inclination parameter <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:mi>x</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:math> and black hole spin <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mi>a</c:mi> </c:math> . The expressions are constructed using the Mano, Suzuki, and Takasugi method of solving the scalar wave equation in a Kerr background. We compare the numerical evaluation of these flux expressions to full numerical ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mi>s</e:mi> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mn>0</e:mn> </e:math> ) eukolsky code results, examining their degree of utility as the strong-field region is approached.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 112(10)
University College Dublin (IE), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 77%
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
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Post-Newtonian expansion of fluxes from a scalar charge on an inclined-spherical orbit about a Kerr black hole — Jakob Neef, Charles R. Evans, et al. · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS