Building Society 5.0: a foundation for decision-making based on open models and digital twins

Human societies have undergone significant transformations throughout history, driven by technological advancements and societal needs. The emergence of Industry 4.0 marked a pivotal moment, with the digitalization, integrating automation, data exchange, artificial intelligence, and generating Digital Twins into manufacturing processes. However, as we move forward, the concept of Society 5.0 presents an even more profound shift. Society 5.0 is not an industrial revolution but an application of the industry 4.0 revolution for the decision making at all levels. It emphasizes holistic well-being, sustainability, and inclusivity. It aims to address social, economic, environmental, and technological challenges while fostering economic growth. Therefore, Society 5.0 envisions a harmonious coexistence between humans and technology, leveraging innovations such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), through data-driven decision-making. At the heart of Society 5.0 lies the concept of Open Models and Digital Twins. These models must be transparent, accessible, and collaborative, allowing citizens to engage directly with assumptions, predictions, and validation processes. Digital Twins with Open Models provide visibility into their inner workings, enabling citizens to understand how decisions are made. Assumptions, data sources, and algorithms become accessible to all. Citizens can actively participate in discussions about model assumptions. By democratizing access to information, we empower individuals to make informed choices that impact their lives, therefore, validation and accountability of these models are key aspects. Digital Twins must undergo rigorous validation processes. Citizens can scrutinize these processes, ensuring accountability and trustworthiness. Society 5.0 represents a radical shift of our society organization founded in the existing Industry 4.0. revolution.