Eco-friendly synthesis of Bi–Cu–W nanocomposites for radiation barriers and photonic devices

In this study, Bismuth Copper Tungsten (Bi–Cu–W) nanocomposite was synthesized using an eco-friendly combustion method with Aloe vera gel as a green surfactant and reducing agent. The synthesized nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using PXRD, Morphological analysis, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence techniques to assess its structural, morphological, optical, and emission properties. PXRD results confirmed the formation of Bi 4 O 7 (triclinic), CuO 2 (orthorhombic), and W 5 O 14 (tetragonal) phases with an average crystallite size of 40.7 nm. Morphological analysis revealed agglomerated nanoparticles with irregular morphology, while EDS confirmed the elemental purity of Bi, Cu, W, and O. The optical bandgap was estimated to be 3.06 eV, making the material suitable for UV optoelectronic applications. FTIR spectra verified the presence of metal-oxygen vibrations associated with Bi–O, W–O, and Cu–O bonds. Radiation shielding analysis indicated that the Bi–Cu–W nanocomposite demonstrates high radiation protection efficiency (RPE), particularly at low photon energies, rivaling that of lead. Additionally, photoluminescence studies revealed a strong emission peak at 499 nm upon 272 nm excitation, with the calculated CIE coordinates placing the emission in the blue–green region. The composite’s neutron shielding parameters were also superior to conventional materials such as concrete. These results suggest that the Bi–Cu–W nanocomposite holds great potential for dual applications in radiation shielding and photonic devices.