Investigation of Gold Nanoparticle‐Enhanced Blood Flow in a Porous Inclined Tapered Stenosed Artery under the Impact of Uniform Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiation

Abstract In the present time, cardiovascular disorders represent a significant global health concern because of the intricate arterial constrictions and impaired hemodynamics. Traditional drug administration methods frequently lack site‐specific targeting capability, leading to reduced therapeutic efficiency and may affect healthy tissues. Now‐a‐days, nanoparticle‐assisted drug delivery technologies are recognized as an effective strategy for treating cardiovascular diseases. Based on these applications, this novel study that incorporates the gold nanoparticles in the bloodstream, investigates the hemodynamic characteristics through a diseased time‐variant arterial structure with different geometrical configurations namely converging, non‐tapered, and diverging. The present model incorporates the several physical aspects such as thermal radiation, heat source, porous medium, magnetic field, and body acceleration in the present scenario. The governing flow equations of nanofluid transport model are simplified with the nondimensional variables and mild‐stenosis approximations. The forward time‐centered space (FTCS) finite difference method is utilized to get the approximate solution of the present model. The model explores the influence of several key parameters such as Darcy paramter, radiation parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, heat parameter, nanoparticle shape parameter, tapering parameter, and magnetic number on the various hemodynamic quantities such as wall shear stress, impedance, flow rate, Nusselt number, temperature, and velocity. The results reveal that the gold nanoparticles help to regulate the blood velocity by 13.85% and temperature by 5.64% in the stenosed arterial region. The wall shear stress reveals descending trend across the arterial geometries and achieved its highest value in converging artery, moderate value in non‐tapered artery, and lowest value in diverging artery. The findings of the present model may offer the therapeutic possibilities of arterial diseases such as targeted drug delivery, diagnosis of tumors and brain aneurysms, and magnetic hyperthermia treatment.