Lightweight Digital Twin for Current Sensing Using Microcontroller-Integrated Rogowski Coil Model

This paper presents a novel approach for integrating an analytical model of Rogowski coils (RC) directly within microcontroller-based systems to enable local verification of acquired signals and facilitate digital twin implementation at the embedded level. The proposed method embeds a simplified yet accurate coil model into the microcontroller’s firmware, allowing real-time comparison between measured and expected signals. This verification process helps detect deviations caused by network anomalies, coil accuracy degradation, or acquisition issues. The concept is validated experimentally by injecting reference signals into the system and comparing the microcontroller-acquired data with the model’s predictions. This embedded verification mechanism supports adaptive configurations depending on the available computational power, number of channels, and coil characteristics. By demonstrating how digital twins can be implemented and maintained even on low-resource platforms, this work offers a flexible and scalable framework for improving the reliability and intelligence of current-sensing systems in distributed measurement applications. Moreover, the approach is generalizable and may serve as a foundational technique for digital twin design across a broad range of sensor-based monitoring systems.