Medical leadership competencies for physicians: a systematic scoping review

A comparative analysis across countries emphasises the importance of considering contextual and cultural factors when developing and implementing medical leadership competencies. Over the last three decades, medical competency development has reflected a shift towards collective leadership within healthcare, with a focus on team-based, patient-centred approaches in the increasingly complex healthcare systems. Additionally, there is a growing need for competencies that address emerging challenges in healthcare, such as cultural sensitivity, crisis management, business skills and digital literacy.