Morphological Analysis of Mud–Brick Architecture in Syrian Housing and Its Future Formulation: A Case Study of Rif Dimashq

The study highlights the morphological features of mud-brick architecture in Syria, based on a descriptive and analytical approach. The research begins with a theoretical introduction about the studied area and mud-brick architecture, then their urban characteristics, including (design, function and classification). After that, the elements of the mud building in Rif Dimashq, such as foundations, walls, ceilings and cladding are studied. The discussion includes the advantages and disadvantages of mud-brick architecture, its future in Syria through presenting experiences and conducting a questionnaire for two different samples of residents and engineers about the research topic. Finally, the results document Syrian mud-brick architecture and identify its basic morphological elements, providing sustainable design ideas based on traditional construction techniques, with guidelines for developing sustainable future housing that is both heritage oriented and modern.