Evaluation of Metro Station Accessibility Based on Combined Weights and GRA-TOPSIS Method

Assessing the accessibility of urban metro stations is essential for optimizing metro system planning and improving travel efficiency for residents. This study proposes an innovative evaluation framework—the CWM-GRA-TOPSIS model—for comprehensive metro station accessibility assessment. First, a multi-dimensional indicator system is established, encompassing three key dimensions, to-metro accessibility, by-metro accessibility, and land use accessibility, which are further refined into 14 secondary indicators for detailed analysis. A Combination Weighting Method (CWM) is then introduced, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for subjective weighting and the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method for objective weighting, with their integration optimized through Game Theory. Subsequently, the overall accessibility of metro stations is evaluated and ranked using a hybrid Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The proposed method is applied to Wuhan, China, to demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability. Results show that the CWM-GRA-TOPSIS model, by balancing objectivity and practical relevance, provides a more reliable and systematic approach for identifying accessibility disparities and formulating targeted improvement strategies for urban metro systems.