Legal regulation of labor for minors in the context of somatic rights

The present article is devoted to a public law analysis of the legal regulation of labor for minors in the context of somatic rights. The authors explore the role and significance of the institution of human and civil rights and freedoms as a key value of Russian society and the state. An analysis of the place and role of somatic rights within the system of human and civil rights and freedoms is conducted. The authors provide a formal definition of somatic rights and classify them. It is noted that the most important somatic right is the right to work. The significance of research dedicated to the analysis of the legal regulation of labor for minors in the Russian Federation is substantiated. The current state of labor legislation regarding the regulation of labor for minors in Russia is examined, distinguishing between different age categories (16-17 years; 14-15 years; children under 14 years). The article employs a number of scientific methods, including formal-logical, comparative-legal, historical-legal, statistical, sociological methods, and the analysis of specific legal situations. The study formalizes and investigates key problems that hinder the establishment of an optimal labor regulation system for minors, particularly those related to clarifying the length of the working week for different age categories of minors; those concerning the moral development and health of children engaged in labor (considering their age categorization); those dedicated to ensuring legal guarantees for the payment of wages to minors (with distinctions for night and day work); those regarding the clarification of the duration of night work for children; those related to determining the optimal length of vacations for children entering into labor relations; those dedicated to legal guarantees preventing harm to the mental and physical health of minors; and those concerning the optimization of civil society institutions' participation in monitoring the process of ensuring labor rights for children in the Russian Federation.