Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation Treatment of Pool Water Containing Cyanuric Acid
Cyanuric acid (CYA) is widely used as a chlorine stabilizer in swimming pools, but concentrations above 75 mg L−1 cause overstabilization and loss of disinfection capacity. This study evaluated CYA removal by advanced oxidation processes, including heterogeneous photocatalysis, photo-Fenton, photo-persulfate, and anodic oxidation (AO). AO with boron-doped diamond anodes proved most effective, achieving up to 90% total organic carbon removal in ultrapure water. When applied to real swimming pool samples (118 and 251 mg L−1 CYA), the process achieved significant CYA abatement, demonstrating its potential as a practical strategy to control overstabilization without additional chemicals.
Authors
- José A. Casas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-4948)
- Inês Gomes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-3714)
- Juan A. Zazo
- Lurdes Ciríaco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-1243)
- Jefferson E. Silveira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-8547)
- Alicia L. García-Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-3148)
- Annabel Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-5342)
- Jaime Carbajo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-5783)
Institutions
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- University of Beira Interior (PT)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Pollutants
- Published
- 2025-11-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants5040039
- Primary Topic
- Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia