Methodology of Modern Criminalistics: Current Issues in Intention for Interdisciplinary Integration

The problems of the methodology of criminalistic science in the context of digitalization, technological progress and the increasing complexity of the nature of criminal activity are investigated. Attention is paid to the classification and role of philosophical, general scientific and special methods in the detection and investigation of crimes. The importance of applying an interdisciplinary approach based on the integration of achievements of philosophy, computer science, biology, sociology, and other sciences is emphasized. The necessity of introducing artificial intelligence, automated analysis systems and digital forensic tools according to the needs of modern investigative practice is substantiated. The development of forensic methods must keep pace with new challenges and threats, including cybercrime and fraud, in order to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement and ensure legal protection of individuals. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of official statistical data on the state of crime in the Russian Federation is given, as well as international experience in using measures for its criminalistic prevention and the importance of adapting law enforcement mechanisms. Special attention is paid to the classification and role of philosophical, general scientific and special methods in the detection and investigation of crimes. The research methodology represents a multilevel complex of interrelated methods combined by systemic and interdisciplinary approaches. Their application is aimed at consistently achieving the goal of the work. Within the framework of the comparative legal method, a comparison of the legal and organizational mechanisms of technology implementation in law enforcement in different jurisdictions has been carried out. An analysis of the state of crime and the dynamics of its development in Russia over the past two decades shows that, despite some positive trends associated with a decrease in the total number of reported crimes, the situation remains unstable during certain periods and requires constant monitoring and adaptation of law enforcement mechanisms. The novelty is manifested in the need to develop special forensic methods, proving their key role in practice. Modern methods of forensic science must meet the requirements of the time – be flexible, adaptable to new conditions, take into account the high technology of criminal activity, use the achievements of scientific and technological progress and ensure reliable legal protection of the individual. The application of an interdisciplinary approach involving the synthesis of knowledge from various fields of science is becoming relevant. In order to introduce AI technologies into criminalistic activities, it is necessary to carry out regular measures to improve the tools of forensic technology.