Typology-Driven Urban Community Resilience Assessment in China: Spatial Disparities and Smart Transformation Roadmaps

Building community resilience is essential for ensuring that communities can not only survive but also thrive in the face of various challenges and uncertainties. However, existing research has deficiencies in the comprehensive evaluation framework and systematic analysis of different types of urban communities within high-density Chinese cities. This study constructed a comprehensive urban community resilience assessment system (UCRA) that covers four dimensions: environmental, service, social, and governance resilience. In a case study of the Chinese megacity of Tianjin, urban communities were categorized into three physical types and three regional categories. The UCRA contained 40 detailed indicators, and the weighting of indicators was was determined using a mixed approach combining the AHP and entropy methods. The findings revealed that tower apartments in urban Chinese communities demonstrated relatively high resilience, whereas older residential complexes exhibited the lowest resilience performance. Furthermore, central urban communities generally displayed high resilience, in contrast to peripheral urban areas, where low levels of resilience were often discovered. Building upon these findings, this study discusses the characteristics and challenges associated with the resilience of various community types. By establishing a theoretical basis for creating intelligent assessment and monitoring systems, we advocate for targeted community development strategies, thereby promoting smart transformation of community resilience.