Occupational therapists working with adults with intellectual disability in Ireland: survey about scope of practice

Purpose Despite a long history of occupational therapists working with adults with intellectual disability to promote occupational engagement, there is limited evidence regarding the scope of practice and how current occupational therapists view their role in this evolving area. This study aims to collate the perspectives of occupational therapists in adult intellectual disability services in Ireland on scope of practice and experience of working in this field. Design/methodology/approach Fifty occupational therapists working with adults in intellectual disability services took part in an online survey between August and September 2023. Data were analysed using a mixed methods approach, including frequency analysis of demographic and descriptive data and reflective thematic analysis of qualitative free-text data. Findings Quantitative data revealed a broad practice scope in adult intellectual disability services, underpinned by occupation-focused theories of practice and assessment, with intervention often prioritised around safety. Three themes were identified, capturing how the constant need for “Advocacy for the Role and Scope of Occupational Therapy”, along with being “Restricted to Firefighting” within services, has limited “Realising the Potential for Occupational Therapy”. Originality/value This study represents a contemporary overview of the role of occupational therapy provision for adults with intellectual disability in Ireland. Findings demonstrated that although occupational therapists were strongly motivated about their role, several contextual factors restrict optimal occupational therapy service provision for this population. These include lack of clarity regarding role, insufficient staffing and resources and limited learning opportunities.