Graded Evaluation and Optimal Scheme Selection of Mine Rock Diggability Based on the Multidimensional Cloud Model

With the advancement of mining technologies, the evaluation of rock diggability has become a critical research topic for ensuring both safety and efficiency in mining operations. This study establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for mine rock diggability and proposes corresponding grading criteria. For the determination of indicator weights, a combination of subjective and objective methods is employed, integrating expert knowledge and data characteristics to identify optimal weights, thereby providing a reliable basis for comprehensive evaluation. The single-indicator cloud model effectively mitigates the difficulties associated with defining transitional values between adjacent intervals. The multidimensional cloud model, by considering the interactions among indicators, enables the optimization of indicator interactions and enhances the interpretability of diggability grades. Comparison with the Diggability Index (DI) method shows a high consistency between the two approaches (R2 = 0.991). The absolute accuracy of diggability levels reaches 74%, while the accuracy based on cloud model fuzzy evaluation reaches 100%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the cloud model in handling transitional intervals and capturing uncertainty. This study provides a novel methodology and theoretical foundation for the scientific evaluation of mine rock diggability, offering practical guidance for reasonable grading, optimization of mining parameters, and interpretation of diggability levels in engineering practice.