Uncommon Vulvar Mass in a Neonate: A Case of Bartholin Gland Cyst

Bartholin gland cysts are exceedingly rare in neonates and infants, with only four cases previously documented in the literature. We present the fifth reported case of a Bartholin gland abscess in a neonate. A term newborn presented with a 1-cm vaginal mass identified shortly after birth. An ultrasound of the mass was obtained and reported testicular-like tissue and the absence of a uterus, prompting an evaluation for disorders of sex development. Laboratory testing and karyotype were normal, and pediatric urology ultimately diagnosed and drained a Bartholin gland abscess, resulting in the resolution of the mass. This case highlights the importance of considering Bartholin gland cysts even in very young patients and emphasizes the need for careful interpretation of neonatal imaging, as misreading can lead to extensive diagnostic evaluations for a benign condition.