On the problem of distinguishing phraseological units and proverbs

The subject of the study are semantic, syntactic, functional, as well as communicative, pragmatic, linguocultural, discursive properties and characteristics of stable lexical units (which are understood as phraseological and paremiological units), allowing either to attribute these units to the same lexical stratum, or to distinguish them and recognize them as different types. The object of the study is to identify similar and distinctive properties of phraseological units and paroemias, as well as their separation based on various linguistic, cultural, pragmatic and cognitive characteristics. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as semantic, syntactic, functional properties based on the semantics of phraseological units and paroemias, their roles in the sentence and the formation of connections within the text. Special attention is paid to the communicative, pragmatic and discursive characteristics in phraseological units and parodies of communicative potential and features of functioning in discourse. Linguistic and cultural characteristics are revealed in the study of phraseological units and paroemias as elements of the linguistic worldview of the Russian people. The main methods used in the work are the stratification method, which allows to study phraseological units and paroemias as units of the lexical layer of the Russian language, a descriptive method involving the allocation of phraseological units and paroemias and a description of their functionality, a method of component analysis, which makes it possible to study the structure of the meanings of phraseological units and paroemias. The scientific novelty of the study is the contribution to the views available in linguistics on the problem of dividing phraseological units and paroemias into different types of lexical units. The paper puts forward the point of view according to which paroemias and phraseological units have enough properties and characteristics in their meanings and functions that allow further research to distinguish phraseological units and paroemias within the lexical composition of the language, as well as to identify common and different properties and characteristics in the aspect of linguoculturology, communicative linguistics, and a discursive approach. At the moment, the functioning of phraseological units and paroemias requires detailed and comprehensive study within the framework of these scientific approaches and disciplines. The paper presents a description of individual properties and characteristics from the point of view of communication and discourse.