Experimental-numerical comparative study of thermal deformations of a reinforced concrete outer wall of the anode block cooking chamber in the primary aluminum industry

Abstract This study focuses on the analysis of the deformations of a reinforced concrete wall exposed to high temperatures, such as those found in anode baking furnaces employed in the production of primary aluminum. The main problem addressed is the structural displacement of the concrete due to intense thermal variations, which can compromise the integrity, durability and performance of the structure over time. The objective of the research was to investigate and understand the behavior of concrete displacements under high-temperature working conditions, simulating the thermal and mechanical demands faced in the industrial process. For this purpose, an experimental approach was adopted, involving displacement transducers and temperature sensors, both connected to a data acquisition system, which allowed continuous and automatic collection of samples over time. In parallel, a numerical model was developed based on the finite element method (FEM). This model allowed the simulation of the temperature distribution within the concrete wall and the evaluation of the associated stresses and deformations, caused mainly by thermal expansion and transient creep. The combination of experimental and numerical analyses allowed a better understanding of the structural response at high temperatures. The experimental and numerical results were compared to validate the accuracy of the model, confirming its effectiveness in simulating the thermal and mechanical behavior of concrete. The analysis suggests that although reinforced concrete has considerable strength, the impact of extreme temperatures on its mechanical and thermal properties leads to significant deformations, which can affect the long-term durability and safety of the structure. These findings reinforce the importance of considering thermal protection and continuous monitoring of structures exposed to high-temperature environments.