Incidence and Characteristics of Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Patients With Temporary Femoral Dialysis Catheters: A Prospective Observational Study

BACKGROUND According to recent guidelines, the femoral vein is the second-line option for dialysis catheter placement in patients undergoing acute extracorporeal treatments. This study aimed to determine the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with temporary femoral vein dialysis catheters and evaluate the effect of catheter diameter on thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted in a university hospital ICU. Temporary femoral dialysis catheters were inserted by anesthesia residents. Doppler ultrasonography (DUSG) examinations were performed at 24 and 48 h and on days 7 through 10 after catheter placement, assessing the venous segment from the insertion site or inguinal ligament to the popliteal vein. Examinations were conducted by an intensivist and reviewed by a radiologist. Thrombosis and femoral vein diameters were recorded, along with demographic and laboratory data. RESULTS Among 262 ICU admissions during the study period, 37 patients who received temporary femoral dialysis catheters were included. CRT was detected in 7 patients (18.9%). In 5 cases, thrombosis occurred between days 7 and 10 post-insertion; in 2 cases, it was identified after catheter removal. All events were asymptomatic; no catheter dysfunction was observed. There were no significant differences between patients with and without thrombosis regarding body mass index, smoking status, mortality, or severity scores. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of asymptomatic CRT was 18.9% in ICU patients with femoral dialysis catheters. Routine DUSG may facilitate early detection of thrombosis, allowing timely intervention and potentially reducing the risk of thromboembolic events and catheter-related complications.