Identifying opportunities to improve sustainable supply chains through digital transformation of transport and logistics infrastructure

The object of the study the digital transformation of transport and logistics processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan, with a focus on the functioning and development of cross-border supply chains. The main problems are related to the fragmentation of information flows, the lack of uniform standards for electronic data exchange and limited compatibility of digital platforms. All this reduces the efficiency and competitiveness of the national logistics system. Based on the analysis of statistical data, international ratings and digitalization cases, the achievements and problems of Kazakhstan's logistics industry have been identified. As a strategic solution, a «data conveyor» methodology is proposed, which provides end-to-end digital support for cargo, transparency of operations, reduction of transaction costs, and increased supply chain resilience. Transportation optimization problems are solved through the introduction of digital solutions such as Single Window, Astana-1 system, e-SMGS, e-CMR projects, the development of smart logistics centers, IoT, blockchain and AI. The results are explained by the introduction of end-to-end digital services and the use of international standards for electronic data exchange, which eliminated fragmentation of information flows and increased integration into global logistics networks. The originality of the results lies in the adaptation of the "data conveyor" methodology to national conditions, which ensures not only technological compatibility, but also the institutional integration of the industry. Thanks to this, a comprehensive systemic solution was proposed. Thus, the study results showed that the digital transformation of Kazakhstan's transport and logistics complex through the implementation of a "data conveyor" and electronic consignment notes reduces costs (up to 4.6 euros per consignment note), while the growth of e-commerce has allowed for an almost twofold increase in revenues in the transport sector in 2022–2024