Agronomic efficiency of phosphorus sources associated to acidity correctives for bean cultivation

Common bean cultivation in Brazil requires soil acidity correction and phosphorus (P) fertilization in order to ensure yield levels. The high cost and low residual effect of some fertilizers justify the demand for alternative sources. The objective of this research was to evaluate the common bean plants development submitted to phosphorus sources and acidity correctives. The treatments consisted of lime and silicate, combined with a control, simple superphosphate, triple superphosphate, magnesium thermophosphate, micrated thermophosphate, potassium micrated thermophosphate, remineralized phosphorus, hen manure and carbonized rice chaff, arranged in a factorial scheme (2x9) in randomized block design. Experiment was carried out in plastic pots filled with typical Dystrophic Red Argisol. BRS Pérola common bean genotype was cultivated for 90 days and by end of cycle height, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of shoot, grain mass, number of pods were analyzed and grain yield was estimated. Soil was sampled and pH CaCl2, exchangeable aluminum (Al3+) and phosphorus were analyzed. As organic fertilizer, carbonized rice chaff increased up to 5.8 times the dry mass and 8.4 times bean productivity, as mineral sources, simple superphosphate and potassium micrated thermophosphate provided an increase up to 5.0 times in dry mass and 6.8 times in bean productivity, compared to control. Lime provided greater gains in plant development. Lime increased bean productivity by 41%, compared to silicate. There was no difference between acidity correctives for pH CaCl2, P and Al3+ soil content.