A New Species of Boulenophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from Northern Jiangxi, China

A new species of the genus <i>Boulenophrys</i> (Anura, Megophryidae) is described from Mount Lushan, Jiangxi Province, China, long considered to be <i>Boulenophrys boettgeri</i>. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes show that the new species forms a sister clade to <i>B. jinggangensis</i>, with an uncorrected COI p-distance of 3.7%, confirming its status as a distinct species. Morphologically, it differs from all known congeners by a unique combination of characters, and from its closest relative <i>B. jinggangensis</i> by having the following traits: (1) larger adult body size (adult males SVL 42.7-44.7 mm; adult females 46.0-50.3 mm); (2) heels not meeting when hindlimbs are flexed at right angles to the body axis; (3) smaller horn-like tubercle on the upper eyelid; and (4) relative finger lengths (I < II < IV < III). Acoustically, the new species differs markedly from <i>B. jinggangensis</i> in nearly all parameters of its advertisement calls. This discovery increases the known species diversity of <i>Boulenophrys</i> in Jiangxi Province and provides baseline data for further biodiversity conservation efforts in the Mount Lushan region.