Names of dishes and kitchen utensils for preparing koumiss and dairy vodka in Mongolian languages

The subject of this study is the vocabulary used to designate kitchen utensils for preparing kumiss and milk vodka. The aim of the study is to identify the full vocabulary of utensils used to prepare kumiss and milk vodka among Mongolian-speaking peoples, representing the most ancient and ethnographically distinct layer of the nominative system. Language vocabulary reflects the cultural and historical characteristics of an ethnic group, conveying centuries-old traditions and lifestyles. Changes in vocabulary are associated with technological progress and social change; it serves as a kind of timeline, recording obsolete vocabulary and archaisms. The study was conducted using a continuous sampling method from language dictionaries, explanatory dictionaries, and dictionaries of traditional everyday life of Mongolian peoples. Methods of linguistic observation, comparative analysis, and etymological analysis were applied. Factual material was also gleaned from field notes collected from informants during expeditions. These data significantly expand the empirical base of the study, ensuring the reliability of the analysis and enabling a comparison of written sources with contemporary linguistic realities. The scientific novelty lies in the identification and description of the names of dishes and kitchen utensils used in the preparation of kumys and milk vodka, as well as the characteristics of the traditional culture of Mongolian-speaking peoples reflected in the analyzed vocabulary. The research results can be applied in academic courses on Mongolian languages and cultural and educational programs aimed at preserving traditional heritage.