Patients’ Awareness and Attitudes About the Importance of Sharing Medical History with Dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

<b>Background</b>: A comprehensive medical history is fundamental to dental care, supporting accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment, and the prevention of adverse outcomes. Despite its importance, patients may underestimate its relevance or hesitate to disclose information to dental professionals. This study aimed to assess patients' awareness and willingness to disclose medical histories to dental professionals, as well as the effect of an educational intervention on their knowledge. <b>Methods</b>: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 December 2023 to 30 September 2024 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a structured bilingual questionnaire assessing demographics, awareness of the importance of medical history, willingness to disclose information, and post-intervention knowledge. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were established through expert evaluation and test-retest reliability, yielding Aiken's V values greater than 0.90. Internal consistency was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.8. A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. <b>Results</b>: A total of 515 participants completed the survey, with 43.9% withholding medical information from their dentists. Chi-square analysis revealed that disclosure practices were significantly associated with demographic factors, particularly age (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Although 90.7% acknowledged the importance of sharing their medical history, only 67.8% reported disclosing it to dental professionals. The regression analysis revealed that participants under 18 years of age (Odds Ratio (OR) 7.08, Confidence Interval (CI) 3.53-50.90) and those aged 18-29 years (OR 14.36, CI 3.45-25.26), as well as participants with elementary (OR 4.55, CI 2.72-20.57) and middle school education levels (OR 4.55, CI 2.72-20.57), were less likely to disclose any underlying medical condition to their dentist. The younger age group (under 18) respondents were significantly more likely to indicate that it was not essential to inform the dentist about their medical condition (OR 6.60, CI 1.05-41.42). Additionally, a significant number of these respondents (OR 5.77, CI 1.87-17.84) reported being unaware of the reasons why dentists request this information, compared to the older age groups. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings reveal a significant knowledge gap concerning patient disclosure of medical history in dental care and highlight the importance of patient education. Implementing targeted educational initiatives is recommended to promote patient disclosure, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and improve overall patient safety and treatment outcomes.