Photocatalytic Degradation of Ant Trail Pheromones by P25 TiO2

Titanium dioxide nanostructures are extensively produced and utilized in various industries. Concerns have been raised about this material’s less researched environmental impact. This study investigates the indirect toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on ant communication via the photocatalytic degradation of ant trail pheromones. Foraging experiments with Lasius niger demonstrated that TiO2-treated pathways were avoided by ants, suggesting trail pheromone degradation. Photocatalytic tests confirmed the degradation of the pheromone component (R)-(-)-mellein under UV-A irradiation in the presence of Evonik Aeroxide P25 TiO2. The nanosized titania was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). These findings indicate that TiO2 NPs can disrupt ant communication, potentially leading to significant ecological consequences.