Phytochemical profiling of <i>Andrographis beddomei</i> C.B. Clarke using UHPLC-ORBITRAP-MS/MS approach and assessment of cytotoxicity in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer

<i>Andrographis beddomei</i> C.B. Clarke, a lesser-known species of the <i>Andrographis</i> genus, was investigated for its chemical composition and cytotoxic potential against cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma. The methanolic root extract was analysed using UHPLC-ORBITRAP-MS/MS, identifying 37 compounds, including phenolic acids, -diterpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides, with 14 compounds characterised in detail. HPLC-UV analysis confirmed six major compounds. <i>In silico</i> PASS predictions revealed significant anticancer potential (Pa ≥ 0.9), with 5,8,2'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone-5-<i>O</i>-ß-D-glucopyranoside showing the highest Pa value (0.988). Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated IC₅₀ values of 44.76 µg/mL and 54.03 µg/mL for the extract on TR127 and C13 cell lines, respectively. Andrographidine A (ABMR-2) exhibited the highest potency (IC₅₀: 63.52 and 60.02 µM), inducing apoptosis <i>via</i> Caspase-3 activation, cytochrome C release, and Parp cleavage. This study presents a comprehensive phytochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of <i>A. beddomei</i>, highlighting its potential against drug-resistant ovarian carcinoma.